Bibliography

In the 19th century, with the advent of regular passenger lines, shipping companies began hiring female staff to meet the needs of women and children. The conditions of sea voyages in that period required the presence of female staff among the crews of the steamers. Through archival material from the Compañía Trasatlàntica, the author addresses the work of women aboard the steamers of this company. The female staff joined the Catering Department in the beginning. They took care of first-, second-, and third-class passengers, doing different roles as: nurses, waitresses, babysitters, laundresses, etc.